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Windmills: Ancestors of the wind power generation

Cesare ROSSI, Flavio RUSSO, Sergio SAVINO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 389-396 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0414-5

摘要：

A brief description of the windmills from the second millennium BC to the Renaissance is presented. This survey is a part of several studies conducted by the authors on technology in the ancient world. The windmills are the first motor, other than human muscles, and are the ancestors of the modern wind turbines. Some authors’ virtual reconstructions of old windmills are also presented. The paper shows that the operating principle of many modern machines had already been conceived in the ancient times by using a technology that was more advanced than expected, but with two main differences, as follows: Similar tasks were accomplished by using much less energy; and the environmental impact was nil or very low. Modern designers should sometimes consider simplicity rather than the use of a large amount of energy.

关键词： windmills ancient machines history of windmill

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geometrical features in the architectural-structural interaction: Some case studies of the Iranian ancient

Maryam ZANDIYEHVAKILI, Isa HOJAT, Mehdi MAHMUDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 716-724 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0508-0

摘要： This research aims to enhance the interaction between a structure and its architectural form. Having a qualitative approach, the present work discovers some successfully used geometrical features of the Iranian ancient architecture in terms of the architectural-structural interaction. We define four qualitative criteria for this assessment, i.e., construction-ability, cost effectiveness, participation of the structure in fulfillment of the visual, and functional-semantic needs of the architectural form. For this purpose, two case studies including the Jamé Mosque of Isfahan and the Soltaniyeh building are investigated. The outcomes of this research help designers to not only design efficient structures by adapting non-load bearing elements with the general form of the structure, but also meet concepts such as the unity or perfectionism in the structure.

关键词： architectural-structural interaction geometrical features structure architectural form Iranian ancient architecture

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Scientific significance of ancient maps of Yellow River and Grand Canal for water conservancy in China

Xiaocong LI,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 445-454 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0063-9

摘要： Based on the study of ancient maps preserved in China and abroad, the systematic nature and practical meaning of the maps of the Yellow River and Grand Canal is demonstrated. It is pointed out that the ancient maps not only record the spatial information of the established water conservancy engineering for river harnessing but also the management systems of the rivers in history. Besides, the maps provide abundant information on nature, humanity, and geography and possess high value in academic research and art appreciation.

关键词： information management established appreciation practical

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Advances in structural mechanics of Chinese ancient architectures

YU Maohong, ODA Yoshiya, FANG Dongping, ZHAO Junhai

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 1-25 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0002-1

摘要： Chinese ancient architectures are valuable heritage of ancient culture of China. Many historical building have been preserved up to now. The researches on the structural mechanics of ancient architectures show the different aspects of structure and mechanics. Systematical studies on the structural mechanics of ancient architectures have been carried out at Xi’an Jiaotong University since 1982. It is related with the need of repair of some national preservation relics in Xi’an. These studies include: 1) Ancient wooden structures including three national preservation relics Arrow Tower at North City Gate, City Tower at East City Gate, and Baogao Temple in Ningbao, Zhejiang province. 2) Ancient tall masonry building, the Big Goose Pagoda and Small Goose Pagoda in Xi’an. 3) Mechanical characteristics of ancient soil under foundation and city wall; the influence of caves in and under the ancient City Wall on the stability of the wall. 4) The typical Chinese ancient building at the center of city: the Bell Tower and Drum tower. 5) The behavior of Dou-Gong and Joggle joint of Chinese ancient wooden structure. 6) The mechanical behavior of ancient soils under complex stress state. A new systematical strength theory, the unified strength theory, is used to analyze the stability of ancient city wall in Xi’an and foundation of tall pagoda built in Tang dynasty. These researches also concern differential settlements of Arrow Tower and resistance to earthquake of these historical architecture heritages. Some other studies are also introduced. This paper gives a summary of these researches. Preservation and research are nowadays an essential requirement for the famous monuments, buildings, towers and others. Our society is more and more conscious of this necessity, which involves increasing activities of restoration, and then sometimes also of repair, mechanical strengthening and seismic retrofitting. Many historical buildings have in fact problems of structural strength and stability; the need for further studies on structural mechanics and materials is definitely growing.

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In quest of the origin of ancient northern city of China: An implication from the Book of Odes

DAI Fudong

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 389-392 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0052-9

摘要： Sorting out some paragraphs in (collection of the earliest poetry in China), this paper makes analysis of the formation, construction process and technology of the ancient northern city of China. Relevan

关键词： analysis construction formation collection paragraphs

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中国古代的矿物加工技术——传承与发展

王淀佐,姚国成

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第4期页码 9-13

摘要：

介绍了中国古代的矿物加工技术，包括早期的石器和陶瓦制作，中国先民使用矿物制作器件，古代铁矿的矿冶加工利用，古代的湿法提铜，古代重选淘洗技术的使用和记述，古代的浮选技术，古代铜、铁矿冶生产规模等；也简要阐述了近现代中国选矿工业的兴起与科技发展，总结归纳了现代矿物加工科学技术的创新成就。

关键词：中国古代的矿物加工技术传承与发展

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Two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint

Zhongshun SHI, Zewen HUANG, Leyuan SHI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 368-374 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017034

摘要： This study addresses the problem of two-stage scheduling on batch and single machines with limited waiting time constraint; thus, the makespan is minimized. A mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed for this problem. Three tight lower bounds and a heuristic algorithm are developed. The worst-case performance of the proposed algorithm is discussed. A hybrid differential evolution algorithm is also developed to improve the solution quantity. Numerical results show that the hybrid algorithm is capable of obtaining high-quality solutions and exhibits a competitive performance

关键词： batch machine flow shop makespan limited waiting time

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Modular design of typical rigid links in parallel kinematic machines: Classification and topology optimization

Xinjun LIU, Xiang CHEN, Zhidong LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第2期页码 199-209 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0315-6

摘要：

Due to the demand of reconfigurable system in parallel kinematic machines (PKMs), modular design technology is significant and necessary. However, in earlier research, the core joint modules have been concerned about rather than the customized link modules. The modular design to the typical customized links from the point of seeking optimal structures with best mechanical performances is analyzed and processed in two steps: classification and optimization. Firstly, a brief introduction to the current research status and the aims of this paper are outlined. And then, how the typical customized links classified is proposed. Next, the technology method and the iterative formula derivation process of topology optimization are described in detail. Finally, calculation models for each group of classified ones are set up and their optimal structures are achieved through topology optimization technique. The results provide useful references for reconfigurable and modular design in engineering cases.

关键词： parallel kinematic machines (PKMs) modular design classification topology optimization and improved Guide-Weight method

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An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0

摘要： Die casting machines, which are the core equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry, consume great amounts of energy. The energy consumption prediction of die casting machines can support energy consumption quota, process parameter energy-saving optimization, energy-saving design, and energy efficiency evaluation; thus, it is of great significance for Industry 4.0 and green manufacturing. Nevertheless, due to the uncertainty and complexity of the energy consumption in die casting machines, there is still a lack of an approach for energy consumption prediction that can provide support for process parameter optimization and product design taking energy efficiency into consideration. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines driven by product parameters. Firstly, the system boundary of energy consumption prediction is defined, and subsequently, based on the energy consumption characteristics analysis, a theoretical energy consumption model is established. Consequently, a systematic energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines, involving product, die, equipment, and process parameters, is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed energy consumption prediction approach are verified with the help of three die casting machines and six types of products. The results show that the prediction accuracy of production time and energy consumption reached 91.64% and 85.55%, respectively. Overall, the proposed approach can be used for the energy consumption prediction of different die casting machines with different products.

关键词： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters

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Structural synthesis of ancient Chinese foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism

Kuohung HSIAO, Yuhsun CHEN, Hongsen YAN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 279-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0101-2

摘要： This work synthesizes the structures of the foot-operated silk-reeling mechanism, which was vaguely depicted in many literatures in ancient China. Based on the analysis of the mechanism, the structural characteristics and design constraints of the mechanism with indeterminate links and joints are concluded. Then, according to the concepts of generalization and specialization subject to the concluded design constraints, all feasible structures of the mechanism that met the technological standards of the subject’s time period are reconstructed. This reconstruction process provides a logical foundation to better understanding, clarification, and suggestions for the issue of ancient mechanical drawings with indeterminate links and joints.

关键词： silk-reeling mechanism structure of mechanism reconstruction design history of machinery

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Rolling-element bearings in China: From ancient times to the 20th century

Lie SUN,Ang LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 33-43 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0373-2

摘要：

The development of rolling-element bearings in China has spanned a long period. Based on several typical and important cases, the present article reconstructs the history of rolling-element bearings in China by dividing it into four stages according to the various characteristics of the bearings. The first stage represents the origin of rolling bearings in China, which remains controversial because of several suspected races and cages that were likely the components of bearings more than a millennium ago. At the second stage, a type of simple roller bearing was used for astronomical instruments not later than the 13th century based on clear philological and physical evidence. A similar bearing was also applied to an abridged armillary in the 17th century. Another type of spherical thrust bearings with rolling elements, which is a key component of a traditional Chinese windmill, could support a rotating shaft that moves rotationally and at an angle. At the third stage, the Chinese began studying and using the so-called European-style bearing since the 17th century. Moreover, over the last 100 years, the modern rolling bearing industry was gradually established in China, particularly because of the technology transfer from the Soviet Union in the 1950s. At the fourth stage, the Chinese government initiated the relatively rapid development of bearing technology. The government launched the “bearing movement” from the 1950s to the 1960s to establish the modern bearing industry and to promote rolling bearings as replacement for traditional sliding bearings. Furthermore, a number of large professional factories and institutions in China have continually introduced advanced technology and equipment. At present, these companies and institutions play a significant role in the international bearing industry.

关键词： bearing movement rolling-element bearing China early rolling bearings technology transfer

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Comments from young scholars: Can machines completely replace humans in manufacturing processes?

Shanlin YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 541-547 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018207

摘要：

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Animage-based approach to the reconstruction of ancient architectures by extracting and arranging 3D

Divya Udayan J,HyungSeok KIM,Jee-In KIM

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第1期页码 12-27 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400141

摘要： The objective of this research is the rapid reconstruction of ancient buildings of historical importance using a single image. The key idea of our approach is to reduce the infinite solutions that might otherwise arise when recovering a 3D geometry from 2D photographs. The main outcome of our research shows that the proposed methodology can be used to reconstruct ancient monuments for use as proxies for digital effects in applications such as tourism, games, and entertainment, which do not require very accurate modeling. In this article, we consider the reconstruction of ancient Mughal architecture including the Taj Mahal. We propose a modeling pipeline that makes an easy reconstruction possible using a single photograph taken from a single view, without the need to create complex point clouds from multiple images or the use of laser scanners. First, an initial model is automatically reconstructed using locally fitted planar primitives along with their boundary polygons and the adjacency relation among parts of the polygons. This approach is faster and more accurate than creating a model from scratch because the initial reconstruction phase provides a set of structural information together with the adjacency relation, which makes it possible to estimate the approximate depth of the entire structural monument. Next, we use manual extrapolation and editing techniques with modeling software to assemble and adjust different 3D components of the model. Thus, this research opens up the opportunity for the present generation to experience remote sites of architectural and cultural importance through virtual worlds and real-time mobile applications. Variations of a recreated 3D monument to represent an amalgam of various cultures are targeted for future work.

关键词： Digital reconstruction 3D virtual world 3D spatial components Vision and scene understanding

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A multi-sensor relation model for recognizing and localizing faults of machines based on network analysis

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0736-9

摘要： Recently, advanced sensing techniques ensure a large number of multivariate sensing data for intelligent fault diagnosis of machines. Given the advantage of obtaining accurate diagnosis results, multi-sensor fusion has long been studied in the fault diagnosis field. However, existing studies suffer from two weaknesses. First, the relations of multiple sensors are either neglected or calculated only to improve the diagnostic accuracy of fault types. Second, the localization for multi-source faults is seldom investigated, although locating the anomaly variable over multivariate sensing data for certain types of faults is desirable. This article attempts to overcome the above weaknesses by proposing a global method to recognize fault types and localize fault sources with the help of multi-sensor relations (MSRs). First, an MSR model is developed to learn MSRs automatically and further obtain fault recognition results. Second, centrality measures are employed to analyze the MSR graphs learned by the MSR model, and fault sources are therefore determined. The proposed method is demonstrated by experiments on an induction motor and a centrifugal pump. Results show the proposed method’s validity in diagnosing fault types and sources.

关键词： fault recognition fault localization multi-sensor relations network analysis graph neural network